FRM公式在FRM考试中是非常重要的，考生不仅要能记住，还需要会灵活运用。在实际的考试中，考场上不会提供任何相关的公式的。下文是小编列举的FRM一级公式，希望对你有所帮助！
Normal Distribution：》》》戳：免·费领取FRM各科视频讲义+历年真题+21年原版书（PDF版）
The normal distribution is completely described by its mean and variance.
• 90% of observations fall within ± 1.65s.
• 95% of observations fall within ± 1.96s.
• 99% of observations fall within ± 2.58s.
Standard Error of the Regression (SER)：
Measures the degree of variability of the actual Kvalues relative to the estimated Kvalues from a
regression equation. The SER gauges the “fit” of the regression line. The smaller the standard error, the better the fit.
Futures Market Participants：【资料下载】[融跃财经]FRM一级ya题-pdf版
Hedgers: lock-in a fixed price in advance.Speculators: accept the price risk that hedgers are unwilling to bear.Arbitrageurs: interested in market inefficiencies to obtain riskless profit.
Option-Adjusted Spread (OAS)：
• Spread after the “optionality” of the cash flows is taken into account.
• Expresses the difference between price and theoretical value.
• When comparing two MBSs of similar credit quality, buy the bond with the higher OAS.
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